Neuroactive effect of Diadema setosum (leske) coelomic fluid extracts in mice (Mus musculus)

Abstract

The marine habitat is known as an exceptional reservoir of many bioactive natural products which exhibit features not found in terrestrial natural products. This study involves the determination of the (1) elemental composition and mass of the particles of the coelomic fluid, (2) concentration of the coelomic fluid that caused a robust change in mice behavior, (3) different behavioral effects of CF extracts (CFE) on mice, and evaluation of the histopathological alterations in the brain of mice subjected to mouse intracranial bioassay. The CFE was extracted through peristomial membrane puncture, centrifugation, and filtration. It was then lyophilized and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. The base peak chromatograms of sea urchin Diadema setosum CFE dissolved in MeOH show 67 different compounds with 17 identified compounds previously reported with neuroactive effect. Different concentrations of CFE were administered to two treatment groups (low and high) and a control group with each group consisting of five mice. Different behavioral responses were exhibited per treatment group. Responses which are different from the control were considered as the neuroactive effects of the CFE. Behavioral responses elicited by the control group, and the treatment group treated with low dose levels include: normal active behavior and combination of the responses (active behavior, circling, curling, and scratching), respectively. While for the group treated with high dose levels of CFE, they exhibited lethargic and alarm responses. For the histopathological analysis, there is no significant difference between the lesions observed in the control and low dose group. However, the histopathological score in the cerebrum of the group treated with high dose levels of CFE is significantly higher than the other two. The mild lesions observed in the control and low dose group are characterized by glial cell infiltration and perivascular cuffing whereas moderate lesions in the high dose group showed necrosis. The 17 putative compounds found in the CFE are suspected to be responsible for the manifested activities in the mouse intracranial bioassay and histopathological alterations in the brain.