Syncretizing Beliefs: an in-depth study of Tsibi, an illness among the Aytas of Porac Pampanga*

Abstract

This study sought to know how the Aytas of Porac Pampanga perceive Tsibi as a life experience and to discover its meanings, causes, symptoms and remedies. It also discusses how the past and present beliefs of Aytas regarding spirits taint their healing practices and rituals. Native healers, elders and former Tsibi patients were selected to participate in the study. After obtaining their informed consent, a pretested questionnaire that looked into their perception of the illness, their knowledge about its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and remedy, including the rituals such as manganito séance, was administered. In-depth individual and group interviews provided richer information about: the activities and food dishes that may cause Tsibi; the physical manifestations of the illness; the process of diagnosis; the medicinal plants and anitos which aid the healing ritual; and the patients’ process of recovery. The data was analyzed and presented using typology, event (frame) analysis, and narratology. The findings have indicated that Tsibi, also known as “Tibi”, is a curable fever-like illness acquired through engaging in activities that disrespects life; and neglecting the responsibility in maintaining balance in nature and in one’s physical body. Indigenous plants, as well as vinegar, are used to treat Tsibi. Furthermore, native healers seek the help of their personal anito, who is also their apprentice, to diagnose and treat patients. The Aytas subscribe to two beliefs: their still enduring belief in animism and their newly found Christian belief. These syncretized beliefs guide them in their everyday lives and become the basis of their health practices.