Comparative Study of the Effect of Wild Honey and Irradiated Wild Honey on Angiogenesis in Duck Anas luzonica (Fraser, 1839) Embryo

Abstract

The effect of wild honey and irradiated wild honey on angiogenesis in duck Anas luzonica embryo was studied and compared using the Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay. The degree of angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of the duck embryo was determined by fractal analysis using the box-counting method in which fractal indices of CAMs were derived. The untreated CAMs showed the lowest degree of angiogenesis. The CAMs inoculated with wild honey promoted similar degree of angiogenesis with that of heparin and promoted higher degree of angiogenesis compared to spironolactone. CAMs inoculated with irradiated wild honey promoted a higher degree of angiogenesis compared with CAMs treated with heparin. Promotion of angiogenesis in CAMs of duck embryos treated with wild honey may be attributed to the production of hyaluronic acid in CAM brought about by the glucose component of honey (Whalen and Zetter, 1992; Knudson and Knudson, 1992). On the other hand, the highest degree of angiogenesis in CAM of duck embryos treated with irradiated wild honey may be attributed to the increase production of hyaluronic acid in CAM as an effect of gamma irradiation on glucose component of the honey sample (Whalen and Zetter, 1992; Knudson and Knudson, 1992).