Power in invisibility: opportunities seized in sustaining contention.

Abstract

How does an underground movement sustain contention when it cannot directly engage its opponents due to the risk of suffering state repression? While traditional organization and social movements find their strength in visibility and attention, underground movements function differently. This study argues that due to political opportunities, invisibility becomes a source of strength for, rather than a hindrance to, engaging in contentious politics through its concealment of (1) movement involvement in contentious actions conducted, (2) movement identity in contentious actions conducted, (3) operations from non-members, and (4) member identity. Using the case of Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan (MAKIBAKA), this study aims to illuminate the said phenomenon by investigating how members employ invisibility in their operations based on their experiences in mobilization as well as in their engagement with state authorities. By analyzing documents, speeches, and video coverage of the organization’s lightning rallies with the overall political conditions that shape their actions, this paper will be able to show how and why invisibility makes for effective political engagements.