http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1 2026-05-24T16:37:20Z 2026-05-24T16:37:20Z Llaban, Leigh Ann A. http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3705 2026-05-18T19:02:25Z 2000-03-01T00:00:00Z

The Perceived Effects of the Acceptance View of Authority on Superior – Subordinate Relationship in a Profit-Oriented Organization: A Case Study Llaban, Leigh Ann A. In most organizations, authority is still regarded to have originated from the top levels of the hierarchy. Since superiors are often vested by the organization with power and authority to influence subordinates' behavior and direct their actions, subordinates are therefore expected to recognize this power and authority through compliance. This traditional view of authority has long pervades in most organizations. However, despite this formal authority sanctioned on the superiors by the organization, subordinates in some instances choose not to comply with an authority's command. Cases such as these debunk the traditional view of authority and support the acceptance view of authority. The acceptance view of authority supports the idea that authority comes not from the formal position one occupies in the corporate ladder but from the willingness of those from the lower levels of the hierarchy to carry out directives. Instruction giving has always been part of the interaction between superiors and subordinates: Subordinates' performance is partly evaluated on the way they carry out directives the same way the superiors' effectiveness is gauged in terms of their ability to influence subordinates' behavior. As such, this research posed the main problem: What are the effects of the acceptance view of authority on superior-subordinate relationship in a profit-oriented organization? The organization used in this study is Corporation X. In answering the main problem, the researcher also addressed the following sub-problems: 1. Is the practice of the acceptance view of authority evident in Corporation X? 2. What causes the subordinates to disobey the superior's directives? 3. What causes the subordinates to obey the superior's directives despite apprehension? 4. What are the manifestations of the subordinates' act of disobedience? 5. What are the manifestations of the subordinates' apprehension in carrying out directives? 6. What are the actions initiated by the superior in response to subordinates' act of disobedience? Given the main and sub problems above, the general objective of this research, therefore, is to determine the effects of the acceptance \'iew of authority on superior-subordinate relationship in a profit-oriented organization. One significance of this study rests on its ability provide organizations insights on the underlying values and interests of the employees for refusing to comply with an authority's directives. By knowing these values and interests, organizations would have a better understanding of how they can further motivate and influence employees' behavior. The unavailability of some of the respondents, whose assigned jobs were primarily fieldwork, was one limitation or this study. Another limitation was the inaccessibility of the department head for an interview. Thus, the two superiors were also considered subordinates to another superior. The components of the models of the acceptance view of authority, zone of indifference, and progressive discipline process were all integrated to form the theoretical framework for this study. The model of the acceptance view of authority describes the very process of how authority is accepted or not. On the other hand, the zone of indifference model illustrates the extent to which employees may obey directives. It also describes how employees' zone could be extended to make them obey orders they feel reluctant in carrying out. And the last model used, the progressive discipline process, illustrates the progressive disciplinary actions initiated by the superiors in response to misbehavior. A descriptive approach \Vas used to discuss the practice of the acceptance view of authority and its effects on the superior-subordinate relationship in Corporation X. Corporation X was used as the model organization for this study because of the centralized nature of its functions and structure which puts too much emphasis on ones' formal authority and power. Moreover, to answer the main and sub-problems posed earlier, the researcher distributed survey questionnaires to 21 employees, which represented a census of the population except those who were out in the field. Interviews with two managers in the Corporate Affairs Office were also conducted. In general, the research findings indicated that despite the centralized nature of the structure and functions in Corporation X, the acceptance view of authority is practiced in the company and are displayed in employees' behavior in various ways. Manifestations of disobedience are either clearly displayed or passively exhibited. However, even though the employees are given orders they feel reluctant in carrying out, more often than not, they obey rather than disobey. The main reason why orders are more often carried out than not is attributable to the kind of behavior that managers display, which also determines the kind of relationship they establish with the employees, towards the employees. Thus, it could therefore be assumed that it is the managers' behavior and relationship with the employees that have extended their zone of indifference and thereby make them obey despite hesitation. Findings also shows that the overall effect of the acceptance view of authority on superior-subordinate relationship is positive as both managers and the employees become more open to each other resulting in a better working relationship. Employees also improve performance and are even more challenged to do a better job. Therefore, from the findings generated by this study, it is logical to conclude that even though the practice of the acceptance view of authority is evident in Corporation X, the effects on superior-subordinate is positive because the managers have successfully extended the zone of indifference of the employees. The acceptance view of authority, though already an old concept, is still a new topic to explore. Managers should not always regard disobedience as an act which produces no positive results for the organizations. Sometimes, it is through the employees' act of disobedience that managers can better understand what the employees' expectations are of the company and of their jobs. Organizations, thus, can use this knowledge in further motivating employees to improve performance and therefore contribute to organizational effectiveness.

2000-03-01T00:00:00Z Policarpio, Lester John M. http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3704 2026-05-18T19:02:39Z 2000-03-01T00:00:00Z

A Study on the Perceived Effects of Computerization on the Employees of Development Bank of the Philippines Policarpio, Lester John M. The study was conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of computerization, the social and psychological environment of an office that has access to computers, as well as to know the factors that affect an employee's computing competence. Subjects were forty-two employees of the Development Bank of the Philippines. Eighteen of the respondents were taken from the Accounting Department and twenty-four worked at the Strategic Planning Center of the said bank. A questionnaire was used to obtain data. Interviews with key people were also conducted. To determine if significant differences in direct use of computers between managers and lower-level employees exist, chi-square analysis was used. The same method was used to find out if there is a difference in the level of operational problems experienced by younger and older employees of the company. Results confirm that there are advantages and disadvantages in computing. Most of the advantages concern information retrieval, resource efficiency and easy access to data. Disadvantages concern operational and information problems. Workers were also affected by information anxiety, time pressure concerned with their job, redundancy of work, and supervision of work. Due to computers, however, employees experience a raised sense of accomplishment with regard to their job. Through statistical analysis, it was also confirmed that there was a difference in direct use of computers between managers and lower-level employees as well as the level of operational problems experienced by younger and older employees. There is an evident need for further study to be done regarding the effects of computerization to employees and to the organization.

2000-03-01T00:00:00Z de Guzman, Gladys L. http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3697 2026-05-11T19:02:22Z 2004-03-01T00:00:00Z

Ang Carabao Festival ng Pulilan, Bulacan: Isang Pag-aaral sa mga Elementong Bumubuo sa Tradisyon de Guzman, Gladys L. Ang suliranin ng pag-aaral ay ito: Anu-ano ang mga elementong bumubuo sa tradisyon ng Carabao Festival? Sa pagsagot sa sul iraning i to, nagpunta ako sa mga silid-aklatan upang mangalap ng mga datos tungkol sa Carabao Festival at iba pang babasahin na may kinalaman dito. Para sa karagdagang kaalaman at impormasyon, nagtungo din ako sa larangan upang magsagawa ng mga panayam. Tungo sa pagsusuri sa mga elementong ito, ginamit kong basehan ang mga elementong sinulat ni Dr. Hornedo sa kanyang aklat. Ang mahahalaga at magkakaugnay na elementong ito ay ang mito (myth), ritwal (ritual), at layunin (purpose). Upang mabigyang kahulugan ang mga elementong ito at mabigyang ebalwasyon ang ginawang pag-aaral, ginamit ko ang pangkanilang pananaw at pagsusuri. Ang mga elementong bumubuo sa tradisyon ng Carabao Festival ay mahahati sa dalawa: mga materyal at di-materyal na elemento. Kabilang sa mga materyal na elemento ay ang imahe ni San Isidro Labrador; misa at nobena; kalabaw at magsasaka; mga carrosa, kariton at float; mga banda ng musiko at sundalos; naaning gulay, prutas at iba pang pagkain. Kabilang naman sa mga di-materyal na elemento ay ang kultura, kasaysayan ng Bayan, kinalakihang tradisyon ng mga tao, pananampalataya o relihiyon, paniniwala ng lahi, kondisyon ng lupa at kalikasan at paraang pangkabuhayan. Ang tradisyon ng Carabao Festival ay mahalaga para sa mga magsasaka at sa lahat ng mamamayan ng Pulilan. Untiunti nang nagkakaroon ng pagbabago sa tradisyong ito kaya naman ang pagdiriwang nito ay higit na mas mahalaga para sa mga kabataan upang magkaroon sila ng kamalayan sa tunay na diwa ng nakagisnang tradisyon.

2004-03-01T00:00:00Z Depusoy, Jessalee E. http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3696 2026-05-11T19:02:17Z 2004-04-01T00:00:00Z

Ang Dimensyong Mitolohikal at Historikal sa Kwent oni Ana Kalang Depusoy, Jessalee E. Mula noon hanggang sa kasalukuyan ang bayan ng Nagcarlan ay palagiang nakakabit sa pangalang Ana Kalang. Sa loob ng mahabang panahon ang tradisyon ni Ana Kalang ay patuloy na nakakaimpluwensya sa buong bayan ng Nagcarlan, Laguna sa pamamagitan ng taun-taong pagdiriwang ng Ana Kalang Festival. Si Ana Kalang ay pinaniniwalaang may malaking naiambag sa paghubog ng bayang i to ayon sa mga kapaniwalaang bayan bagamat ang kanyang tunay na katauhan ay hindi malinaw sa mga naninirahan dito. Sa kadahilanang ito nakita ng manunulat ang pangangailangang hanapin ang kasagutan sa tanong kung ano ang mga dimensyong mitolohikal at historikal sa kwento ni Ana Kalang batay sa akademikong pag-aaral. Sa pagsagot sa katanungang ito, matiyagang kumalap ng impormasyon ang may-akda mula sa akdang pangliteratura at pakikipanayam sa mga naninirahan dito. At upang lalung palawigin ang pag-aaral na ito, ang manunulat ay makailang ulit na bumisita sa lugar kung saan ang pangalang Ana Kalang ay napakahalaga. Mula sa mga impormasyong nakuha, ang may-akda ay masusing isinaayos, sinuri, at binigyan ng sariling interpretasyon ang mga kwento. Ang mga nabuong konsepto mula sa kanyang pagsusuri ay sinuportahan ng mga pananaw batay sa mga teori tikal na perspektiba at ginami t rin ang tematiko mabigyang at historikal kahulugan ang na pakahulugan dimensyong upang lalung mitolohikal at historikal na bumabalot sa katauhan ni Ana Kalang. Sa pamamagitan ng sala-salabid na konseptong nabuo, ang manunulat ay nakapaghain ng Conceptual Framework batay sa katauhan ni Ana Kalang. Pinagtapat-tapat ang mga aspetong bumubuo sa mitolohikal at historikal niyang katauhan at napag-alaman na maraming magkakasalungat na pangyayari sa buhay ni Ana Kalang ang hindi sumasang-ayon sa daloy ng kasaysayan. Sa pamamagitan ng mga naisaad na pamamaraan, ang mga sumusunod ay napatunayan: Una, masasabing si Ana Kalang ay isang imaheng nabuo ng mitolohiya ngunit dahil sa kolektibong pananaw at paniniwala ng mga Nagcarlefio kung kaya' t siya ay kabahagi na rin ng kasaysayan ng bayan. At panghuli, mitoliohikal man 0 historikal ang katauhan ni Ana Kalang ito ay hindi na mahalaga para sa mga Nagcarlefio sapagkat sa loob ng napakatagal na panahon si Ana Kalang ay naging parte na ng kanilang kamalayan at patuloy pa itong pinagiigting sa pamamagitan ng taun-taong pagdiriwang ng Ana Kalang Festival.

2004-04-01T00:00:00Z