Bachelor thesis BA Social Sciences http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1692 2026-04-13T07:31:42Z 2026-04-13T07:31:42Z Lareza, Klayd T. http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3610 2026-03-17T19:02:10Z 2002-03-01T00:00:00Z

A Descriptive Study of Asociacion Damas De Filipinas Settlement House Lareza, Klayd T. While some children are indulging in the luxury of being with their families and harbouring all the love and the care from their biological parents, others are left in the streets or in institutions that provide alternative care. The families of these children have conceded with the fact that they cannot, or they can no longer provide for the needs of this young soul for the time being. Thus, they have left the rearing and upbringing of their children in the hands of the state or in the hands of some organizations that are willing and able to administer the needs of the child. Asociacion Damas De Filipinas Settlement House is one of the oldest institution that renders foster care to disadvantaged children in the Philippines and within the Manila area in particular. It is located at 1451 President Quirino Avenue, Paco Manila. This institution has been in service for almost eighty nine years now since its establishment on September 26, 1913. The Settlement House is administered by a non-government organization called Asociacion Damas De Filipinas. This organization is composed of distinguished women from different sectors of society. The current president of this organization is Atty. Concepcion Recto. Asociacion Damas De Filipinas provides funding to the Settlement House through its resource generating arm named Fundacion Damas De Filipinas. Although much of the funds used to run the Settlement House come from donations of charitable individuals and institutions, Fundacion Damas De Filipinas establishes linkages with government and other non -government organization to generate more resources for the Settlement House. Asociacion Damas De Filipinas is currently employing eighteen individuals to serve in the three different divisions of the institution. These divisions are the Administrative division, the Services Division, and the Utilities division. All of these divisions are under the supervision of the Executive Director Ms. Maribeth Florido. The Settlement House has one resident Social Worker in the person of Ms. Girlie Flower who caters to the rehabilitation needs and treatment plans of all the children under the care of the orphanage. The Settlement House offers two kinds of services. These are the Residential Care Program that offers temporary shelter and alternative care to disadvantaged children and the Education Program that provides day care services to children ages four to six years old. As of the moment, the day care center has twenty (20) students while the orphanage is taking full responsibility over forty one (41) children. The settlement house believes that immediate and continuous satisfaction of the needs of the children should be given utmost significance. It recognizes the value of providing what is necessary for the development of the child in the earliest possible time. Since most of the children under their care must have went through complicated environments and relationships, ample and quality servicing of the child’s needs should be given priority. The development of the child is of paramount interest to the organization thus, their philosophy is anchored on giving the child all possible supplements that will compensate for his developmental needs. The institution would like to inculcate the values of patience, love, honesty, and righteousness in the minds of the children under their protection. Proper and adequate guidance, care, nurturing, and love are of their primary consideration. They believe that children grow very fast and time is such an elemental instrument that passes so swiftly. Whatever it is that they could do to make the child see the beauty and meaning of life should be done as soon as possible. Asociacion Damas De Filipinas was able to render quality care and services to its clients. For a fact, based on the results of the survey and the observations of the author, both the day care center and the orphanage were able to give the children enough faculties ‘and support that would promote development. Asociacion Damas De Filipinas was able to warrant its commitment for humanitarian services. It was able to prove that institutions rendering foster care and temporary shelter are important pillars of social service that serve not only the needy but the helpless members of the society as well.

2002-03-01T00:00:00Z Supan, Renato D. Jr http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3593 2026-03-16T19:02:09Z 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Manila’s Sewer System Under American Administration: Its Implications to Health and Sanitation Supan, Renato D. Jr The true intentions of the Americans in acquiring the Philippine territory can be traced in various strategic and economic interests. These are to gather native raw materials and other resources for American consumption and to find new markets for American trade in the Far East. However, these motives are concealed to the eyes of the Filipinos by the so-called “benevolent assimilation”. Benevolent assimilation became the ideological backbone of American conquest over the Philippines. It was declared by William McKinley aimed at winning the affection of the Filipinos and stop their violent resistance against the United States. It was, in effect, claiming that the Americans came to the Philippines not as enemies and conquerors. Rather as friends that would promote prosperity and provide development to the country. When the Americans arrived to the Philippines, they made Manila as their colonial capital. At that time, the city was in a very bad sanitary condition and prevalent health problems were present. The surface land was muddy for there was continuous flooding and often river overflows. There was no proper and systematized collection of garbage and sewage. Practically all sorts of garbage and sewage found their way to open bodies of water like the Pasig River and the system of canals called esteros. According to the Americans, there were also many unsanitary habits of the Manileños like not using soap in bathing and seldom washing of hands. For the Americans, these practices were very disgusting, but for the Filipinos these were just the normal way of life to which they were accustomed. The Americans saw the city as a land of filth. Nevertheless, the Americans cannot live with it and they wanted the convenience that they enjoy in their own civilized country. So they opted to improve Manila’s health and sanitation. It became one perfect avenue for their benevolent decisions over the country. Sanitary program and policies like street sweeping and gutter cleaning, systematic garbage and nightsoil disposal, and establishment of public parks for beautification were implemented. Manila’s sewer system became another avenue for the Americans benevolent decisions. They found out that there were only few existing sewers in the city. They merely rely on tide movements for flushing off sewage. They were wrecked, defective, dirty, and posing serious detriments to the public health. The Americans improved and developed it for their own convenience. They hired the services of their top caliber engineers who recommended the installation of a modem sewer system. They introduced an entirely new system of sewage disposal called dilution, in which wastewater is discharged into Manila Bay where strong action of waves is expected to purify the sewage. The Americans also introduced the use of modern devices like pump and lift stations, centrifugal pumps, automatic regulating apparatus, and manholes. In 1909, the installation of the modern sewerage system was finished and its services were opened to the public. The people did not immediately embraced the system. They did not connect their premises to the sewer services. Soon they did as the United States Supreme Court compelled them. Consequently, the installation of a modern sewerage system resulted to the improvement of health and sanitation. After the system was installed in Manila, statistical records proved that the prevalence of sewage related diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery lowered. The general mortality rate from such diseases also decreased.

2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Wage, Joy Anne D. http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3587 2026-03-16T19:02:12Z 2002-03-01T00:00:00Z

The Socio-economic Impact of the 1991 Mr. Pinatubo Eruption on Concepcion, Tarlac Wage, Joy Anne D. This research is aimed at drawing out the impact of the June 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption on the lives of the Concepcion residents, most especially on their social, and economic aspects. It has a total of ten chapters, each discussing the details beginning from the research proposal to the implementation of the proposal to the analysis of data gathered until the drafting of the conclusion. Chapter 1 discusses the research problem, the objectives, the hypothesis, the conceptual and theoretical frameworks, and the research methodology. It also contains the review of related literature. This research made use of the Evolutionary theory as its theoretical framework. In order to acquire more accurate data, the researcher employed several techniques of gathering data. These include key informant interviews, focus group discussion, survey, review of records, and the observation method. Chapter 2 contains the historical overview of the study. It tackles the brief history of Tarlac Province as well as the town of Concepcion, wherein the study was conducted. The history covers the pre-Spanish era until the period after the Japanese occupation. This chapter also talks about the geology of Mt. Pinatubo as well as the special attachment of the Aetas to it. Furthermore, it gives a picture of the impact of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption on the Philippines in general. This chapter reports about the great damage of the eruption on the different sectors in the Philippines. Chapter 3 presents the statistics on the profile of the survey respondents. The sex of the respondents is taken into consideration as well as their age, civil status, their current employment status, and their religious affiliations. Results show that there are more female respondents than male ones. Most of the respondents belong to the age range of 31 to 50 years old. Many of them are working although they do not earn that much. The bulk of them are already married, too. Moreover, most of the respondents are Roman Catholics. Chapter 4 is allotted in discussing the socio-economic condition of Concepcion before the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. The business and livelihood of the townspeople are tackled. Findings show that agriculture was the main source of livelihood of the people although some handicraft industries existed during the period covered. Moreover, there is a section discussing about the existing cooperatives, and banks in the town during the same period. Employment, education, and health services that were offered by the place of study to its inhabitants are presented, too. However, the peace and order situation in the town is also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 5, on the other hand, discusses the experiences of Concepcion dwellers during the 1991 Pinatubo disaster. The physical condition during that period is presented in this chapter as the respondents described it to be. The immediate damage of the said disaster on the lives of these respondents is revealed as well. Moreover, the rescue and relief operations conducted by government units, and other organizations are discussed in this chapter. Chapter 6 reveals the psychosocial effects of the said disaster on its victims. The unforgettable traumatic experiences of the Concepcion dwellers during that disaster are presented in this chapter. However, a book that emphasizes on the importance of rendering psychosocial therapy to disaster survivors is tackled as well. Chapter 7 is a portion that talks about the socio-economic condition of Concepcion after the disaster struck it in 1991. Business and livelihood of the townspeople are presented. Conditions of cooperatives and banks in the town are discussed, too. The chapter also presents the social and health services that are available in the town. Electric and water supply, and transportation and telecommunications services, which are being offered in Concepcion are tackled as well. Furthermore, the impact of that calamity to social gatherings as well as to family, friends, and neighbor relationships are revealed in this chapter. Beneficial economic consequences of that eruption are shown, too. These include new business ideas, and new job opportunities. Chapter 8 talks about the other effects of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption on the lives of Concepcion dwellers. The improvement of the townspeople’s disaster preparedness is presented in this chapter. Other aftermaths such as the betterment of the people’s relationship with the Lord, and with one another are discussed as well. Chapter 9 is a summary of the study’s findings. It reveals the interconnections of the various variables of the research to one another. It gives a more simple presentation of all the data acquired by the researcher. Finally, chapter 10 presents the conclusion of the study. It supports the study’s hypothesis, which is the 1991 Pinatubo eruption has significantly affected the socioeconomic well-being of Concepcion residents. The disaster greatly destroyed the economic aspect of the town although it had more positive social effects such as unity among the townspeople, and acquisition of better coping techniques. At the end, recommendations made by the researcher are offered. The implementation of these recommendations is believed to be for the improvement of the town, and its inhabitants.

2002-03-01T00:00:00Z Bernardo, Rhocelle Anne C. http://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3566 2026-03-10T19:02:02Z 2002-04-01T00:00:00Z

An Evaluation Study of Marillac Hills’ Programs on Child Prostitution Bernardo, Rhocelle Anne C. Children are the weakest and most vulnerable members of a society. They are supposed to be well taken care of, well-fed, properly schooled, and taught moral values. They should be seen in a scenario where their growth and development are given emphasis, where they are protected from any harm, danger, abuse, maltreatment, exploitation, and discrimination, where they are given privileges because they are children, and where their rights are properly delivered and enforced. However, this scenario does not match the situation and condition of some Filipino children. Many Filipino children today are suffering from child labor, many have become street children, some are in situations of armed conflict, and some have become lured into sexual exploitation or prostitution. The agony of these children seems not heard by the concerning people such as primarily the parents, the government, and even the ordinary people. Among these difficult situations, child prostitution or commercial sexual exploitation among children could be the most difficult one. Aside from physical and sexual abuse, they also experience moral and psychological problems due to the situation they are being indulged in. They are being traumatized by the experience of doing things and being in an environment where they are not really supposed to be. These experiences put these children in a situation where they almost lose self-worth, trust in people, and importance in life. It becomes very hard for these children to forget their painful experiences and to look for opportunities where they can go back again to a normal living. In this light, the researcher is perplexed on how these children, at their very young age, are being engaged in prostitution, how they become affected by the situation, and how the government is exerting efforts in combating this problem. It is a problem because the children are not supposed to be in this kind of hazardous environment. They should be in school and they should be enjoying the leisure of being a child. To answer the questions in mind, the researcher decided to pursue a study on child prostitution in the Philippines, particularly in Metro Manila, and to determine if the government’s programs on this problem is already implemented. In relation to this, the researcher tried to find out special programs of the government for the so-called child prostitutes. She was able to locate one rehabilitation center for child prostitutes. It is under the mandate of the Department of Social Welfare and Development. This center is called Marillac Hills which runs for almost three decades now, providing special services and programs for the rehabilitation of girls who have been sexually abused and sexually exploited. The main goal of the study is to determine the effectiveness of such rehabilitation programs on child prostitutes. Its specific objectives are to describe the conditions of these children under the custody of the DSWD-Marillac Hills; to determine if they have recovered from the trauma which will eventually lead to their rehabilitation; and to identify some non-governmental organizations and how they coordinate with the DSWD programs regarding this matter. The study discusses the origin of child prostitution in the Philippines that could be traced back in the colonial period, particularly during the Spanish colonization. It also discusses special laws that covers the issue of child sexual exploitation or child prostitution. It also has a chapter about the child prostitutes, on how they become lured in prostitution, and how they were rescued and brought to Marillac Hills. This study has also given special emphasis on the programs of Marillac Hills as the national center for sexually abused and exploited girls. It utilized data gathering methods like interviews and surveys on the 20 respondents or clients of the center to establish the basis of evaluation. Through the interviews and survey, the researcher has found out that among the 20 respondents, or the representatives of the clients of Marillac Hills, most of them come from provinces, illegally recruited, and come from low-income families. Most of them insisted in coming to Metro Manila to find better jobs and to help their parents sustain the needs of their families. But when they have already arrived in Manila, they found out that good-earning jobs would be like selling and capitalizing on their young bodies. Fortunately, their pain and suffering inside prostitution establishments such as bars, clubs, and brothels, could be ended. The police rescue operation would save these young girls’ lives from being totally destroyed. After the rescue, these girls are brought to Marillac Hills to be provided services such as social service, homelife service, educational service, health service, psychological service, spiritual service, and practical skills service that would help them recover from their experiences in prostitution and make them normal, sociable, responsible and productive individuals again. Throughout the study period, through visits, observations, and interviews, the researcher has come up with the conclusion to her initial questions. She has now concluded that although child prostitution is a very concerning issue because it deals about children, there are still some efforts that try to combat it. It is the government’s effort through its programs in Marillac Hills and with the coordination of some nongovernmental organization that makes the possibility of reducing the incidence of child prostitution, and at the same time, rehabilitating some child prostitutes and providing them opportunities to be normal individuals again. The respondents even confirmed that the services offered to them in Marillac Hills helped them a lot. Therefore, I conclude that the programs, though sometimes inevitably falling short, are basically and effectively meeting the center’s objectives that are to help the clients recover from trauma and stress; and to tap their potentials of becoming productive citizens.

2002-04-01T00:00:00Z