Langit, lupa, impyerno: a study on the concept of justice from the narratives of the families victimized by Duterte's war on drugs

Abstract

The Oplan Tokhang, a program that aims to solve the drug problem in the Philippines, was implemented by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte since he assumed the presidency in the year 2016. As part of his "Change is Coming" campaign, he promised that the country would be free from drugs, corruption, and criminality in three to six months and would immediately step down if he fails to fulfill that promise. However, the program extends up to the present time and he still remains in position as the President of the Philippines. Without due process and fair trial, the Oplan Tokhang has killed thousands of Filipinos wherein majority of the victims are from the urban poor sector. This study aims to analyze the Oplan Tokhang from the narratives of the families left behind by the victims, and along with this, find out the families' concept of justice.