Traditional Healing Practices: An Ethnographic Study of “Espiritistas” and “Manghihilot” in San Mateo, Rizal

Abstract

This study focused on the traditional healing practices of espiritistas and manghihilot in San Mateo, Rizal. Traditional healing in the Philippines includes body and mind healing practices such as herbalism, ritual, spiritualism, and therapeutic techniques rooted in indigenous beliefs and culture. Despite the influence of Western medicine, these practices remain important, especially in rural areas where formal healthcare is limited. This research documented the healing methods, roles, and perspectives of espiritistas and manghihilot in the community. Using ethnographic methods and guided by the Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Area Studies frameworks, the study aimed to answer: What are the healing practices of espiritistas and manghihilot in San Mateo, Rizal? How do these healers see their roles in the community? What themes are found in their healing practices? The findings contribute to the documentation and recognition of traditional healers, offering insights for stakeholders, academic institutions, and future researchers.