Antimicrobial Effects of B-Monoglyceride from Coconut Oil and Its Potential Use in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs

Abstract

B-monoglyceride (B-MG) is a single fatty acyl chain esterified to the second position of the glycerol backbone and is synthesized from coconut oil using BIOTECH lipase and n-butyl alcohol. The antimicrobial activity of B-monoglyceride(B-MG) was tested in vitro and in vivo. The antimicrobial in vitro test was done to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of B-MG against Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Broth dilution technique was used to determine MIC and MLC, the results of which were compared with commercially-available antibiotics. A preliminary in vivo testing was done to demonstrate the potential of B-MG as treatment for microbial infection. Im vivo test involved dorsal subcutaneous injection of B-MG on urinary tract infections (UTI) positive dogs at a dosage of 10 mg/kg daily for five days. The effect of B-MG on the dogs was evaluated through blood (white blood cell count) and urine analysis. The MIC was between 10 and 25 ppm for P. vulgaris, between 125 and 150 ppm for E. faecalis, and between 6000 and 8000 ppm for C. albicans. The MLC was 25 ppm for P. vulgaris, 150 ppm for LE. faecalis, and 8000 ppm for C. albicans. For P. vulgaris and E. faecalis, there was 100% kill at 25 ppm and 150 ppm B-MG respectively, while 94.70% kill was the highest value achieved with the use of 500 ppm Amoxicillin and Co-trimoxazole. B-MG treatment of UTI in dogs caused a decrease in the indicators of UTI from the urine samples and achieved a 43.65% decrease in the WBC count. Therefore, B-monoglyceride have confirmed antimicrobial properties against some microorganisms which can cause UTI